🇬🇧 United Kingdom Weather History

Historical Climate Data for 842 Cities across 4 Nations  •  1981–2025  •  NASA POWER

°C / °F
4
Nations
842
Cities
45
Years of Data
1981–2025
Coverage
10°C
Avg Temp
834 mm
Avg Rain/yr

United Kingdom Climate Overview

The United Kingdom has a cool temperate climate with mild summers and cold, frosty winters, shaped by its position on the eastern Atlantic seaboard.

Across all 842 cities in the UK, the average annual temperature is 10°C, with approximately 834 mm of annual precipitation and average humidity of 86%. Temperatures peak in July and fall lowest in January, while rainfall is highest during October.

England is the warmest nation (avg July high 26°C), while Scotland is the coldest (avg January low -3.6°C). Scotland receives the most rainfall (~1094 mm/yr), while England is relatively drier (~791 mm/yr). Winter conditions require warm clothing and can bring occasional snow, particularly in Scotland and Wales.

☀️

UK Climate Extremes

(1981 – 2025)
Warmest Nation
🔥
England
Jul High 26°C
Coldest Nation
❄️
Scotland
Jan Low -3.6°C
Wettest Nation
💧
Scotland
1094 mm/yr
Driest Nation
🏜️
England
791 mm/yr
Windiest Nation
💨
Northern Ireland
4.5 m/s avg
Avg Humidity
💦
86%
annual average across UK
Cities With Data
🏙️
842
across 4 UK nations
Data Coverage
📅
45 yrs
1981 – 2025

🔍 Find Weather History by Nation & City

Select a UK nation, then choose a city to explore its full weather history.

Step 1 — Select Nation
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Step 2 — Select City
← Select a nation to see its cities

🗺️ UK Nations — Weather Overview

England 745 cities
Historical weather data
Avg High18.4°C
Avg Low1.8°C
Jul High26°C
Jan Low-3.2°C
Rain/yr791 mm
Northern Ireland 13 cities
Historical weather data
Avg High15.6°C
Avg Low3.6°C
Jul High21.1°C
Jan Low-0.3°C
Rain/yr1076 mm
Scotland 53 cities
Historical weather data
Avg High15.4°C
Avg Low1°C
Jul High22.1°C
Jan Low-3.6°C
Rain/yr1094 mm
Wales 31 cities
Historical weather data
Avg High17.1°C
Avg Low3.7°C
Jul High23.7°C
Jan Low-1.3°C
Rain/yr987 mm

📅 United Kingdom Monthly Climate Data

Monthly Climate Averages
Month 🌤️ High Low Avg Humid % Rain (mm) Wind (m/s) Solar (kWh/m²)

Showing average climate conditions across 45 years (1981–2025) · averaged across all 842 UK cities

🌍 Weather in the United Kingdom Across Seasons

❄️ Winter in the UK

January is the UK's coldest month, with average lows around -3.1°C.
🌡️ December–February (avg)  ·  -2.3°C11.7°C

🧥 Expect frosty nights and below-freezing temperatures, especially in Scotland and higher elevations.

☀️ Summer in the UK

Summer temperatures peak in July, climbing to 25.6°C on average.
🌡️ June–August (avg)  ·  8.6°C25.6°C

🌤️ Pleasantly warm — ideal for outdoor activities. Occasional heatwaves possible in southern England.

🌧️ Rainfall Across the UK

The UK sees its highest rainfall in October, averaging approximately 88 mm that month.
💧 Annual average ~834 mm  ·  Wettest nation: Scotland

☔ The UK has no sharply defined dry season. Rain is distributed year-round, with autumn and winter typically wetter. Always keep an umbrella to hand.

📊 UK Monthly Climate Charts

Temperature unit:

🌡️ Temperature by Month

Average high, mean, and low temperatures across the UK — averaged over 45 years (1981–2025)

🌧️ Monthly Rainfall

Average monthly precipitation in mm

💦 Humidity & Wind Speed

Monthly average relative humidity (%) and wind speed (m/s)

🔗 All UK Nations — Weather History

Select a nation to explore monthly climate averages, seasonal patterns, and city-level weather data.

🔍 Search Any City Across the UK

Type a city name to find and navigate directly to its weather history page.

🔍

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Which UK nation is the warmest?
England is the warmest UK nation with an average July high of 26°C based on 45 years of data (1981–2025). View England weather history →
Which UK nation is the coldest?
Scotland is the coldest UK nation with an average January low of -3.6°C. View Scotland weather history →
Which UK nation gets the most rainfall?
Scotland receives the most annual rainfall in the UK with approximately 1094 mm per year on average. View Scotland weather history →
How many UK cities have weather history data?
TownPillar has historical weather data for 842 cities across 4 UK nations, covering 45 years of NASA POWER climate records from 1981 to 2025. Each city includes monthly averages for temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation.
What is the best time to visit the United Kingdom?
Late spring (May–June) and early autumn (September) generally offer the best weather across the UK, with longer daylight hours, moderate temperatures, and fewer crowds than peak summer. July and August are warmest but most crowded. Use this site to compare monthly weather data for specific cities before planning your trip.
Does the UK have a rainy season?
The UK does not have a sharply defined rainy season — rainfall is distributed throughout the year. However, autumn and winter months (October–January) tend to be wetter than spring and summer. Western areas such as Wales and Scotland receive significantly more rainfall than eastern England due to prevailing Atlantic weather systems.
Where does this UK climate data come from?
All data is sourced from NASA POWER (Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources), based on MERRA-2 satellite reanalysis data. It provides monthly temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation at 0.5° × 0.625° spatial resolution from 1981 to 2025.

📚 About the Data

All weather history data is sourced from NASA POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources), which uses MERRA-2 satellite reanalysis to provide global climate records. Data covers 45 years (1981–2025) at monthly resolution for 842 UK cities across 4 nations.

  • Temperature highs & lows (°C / °F)
  • Monthly precipitation (mm)
  • Relative humidity (%)
  • Wind speed at 10m (m/s)
  • Solar radiation (kWh/m²/day)
  • Spatial resolution: 0.5° × 0.625°