India Temprature & Weather History

Historical Climate Data Across All States & Districts (1981-2025)

Comprehensive weather analysis covering 36 states and 583 districts

Welcome to the most comprehensive temperature and weather history and climate data resource for India. This page provides detailed historical climate information spanning 45 years from 1981 to 2025, covering all 36 states and 583 districts across the country. The data is sourced from NASA POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources), ensuring high-quality, scientifically validated meteorological information for research, planning, and decision-making. India's vast geographical diversity creates remarkable climate variations—from the hottest district, Firozpur, Punjab with temperatures reaching 48.4°C, to the coldest region, Leh(Ladakh), Ladakh where temperatures can drop to -32.4°C. Rainfall patterns are equally diverse, with Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka receiving the highest precipitation at 9.7 mm/day, while Jaisalmer, Rajasthan experiences minimal rainfall at 0.6 mm/day. Whether you're a climate researcher, agricultural planner, policy maker, travel enthusiast, or simply curious about India's weather patterns, this comprehensive dataset provides valuable insights into temperature trends, monsoon patterns, seasonal variations, and long-term climate changes across the Indian subcontinent.

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Quick National Facts

(1981 - 2025)

Geographic Coverage

🗺️

Total States

36

District Coverage

📍

Total Districts

583

Hottest District

🔥

Firozpur

Punjab

48.4°C

Coldest District

❄️

Leh(Ladakh)

Ladakh

-32.4°C

Wettest District

🌧️

Dakshina Kannada

Karnataka

9.7 mm/day

Driest District

🏜️

Jaisalmer

Rajasthan

0.6 mm/day

Data Period

📅

Historical Coverage

1981-2025

45 years of data

Data Source

🛰️

NASA POWER

MERRA-2 Reanalysis

Scientifically validated

🏆Climate Extremes Across India

Discover India's most extreme climate conditions - from scorching deserts to freezing mountains, from rain-soaked valleys to arid plains. Click on any district to explore detailed weather history.

🌏Understanding India's Climate Diversity

India's vast geographical expanse creates one of the world's most diverse climate systems. From the scorching heat of Firozpur in Punjab reaching 48.4°C, to the freezing temperatures of Leh(Ladakh) in Ladakh dropping to -32.4°C, the country experiences extreme temperature variations. Rainfall patterns are equally dramatic, with Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka receiving heavy monsoon precipitation of 9.7 mm/day, while Jaisalmer, Rajasthan experiences arid conditions with minimal rainfall. These climate extremes are shaped by factors including altitude, proximity to oceans, monsoon patterns, the Himalayan mountain range, and geographical location, creating distinct ecological zones and influencing regional agriculture, lifestyle, and economic activities across the nation.

🗺️Explore Climate Data by State

Browse comprehensive weather data for all 36 states across India. Click on any state name to view detailed historical climate analysis including monthly patterns, yearly trends, and district-level breakdowns. The table shows temperature ranges and rainfall variations, with color-coding to help identify hot (red), moderate (yellow/green), and cold (blue) climate zones.

Sort by:
Show:
StateDistrictsTemperature RangeAvg TempRainfall Range
Andaman & Nicobar1
24.7°to31.2°C
28.0°C
6.5to6.5 mm/day
Andhra Pradesh22
8.0°to46.1°C
27.2°C
1.7to3.5 mm/day
Arunachal Pradesh16
-9.1°to41.9°C
16.3°C
2.8to7.2 mm/day
Assam23
5.7°to41.4°C
23.8°C
3.6to6.8 mm/day
Bihar37
4.5°to47.0°C
26.0°C
2.5to4.1 mm/day
Chandigarh1
4.1°to45.7°C
24.1°C
2.7to2.7 mm/day
Chhattisgarh16
4.2°to46.9°C
25.4°C
3.4to4.0 mm/day
Dadra & Nagar Have1
11.0°to44.0°C
26.8°C
4.7to4.7 mm/day
Daman & Diu2
11.0°to44.0°C
26.9°C
2.0to4.7 mm/day
Goa2
20.0°to35.3°C
27.3°C
6.0to6.0 mm/day

Showing 1 to 10 of 36 states

Temperature Color Guide:

Hot (≥28°C)
Warm (24-28°C)
Mild (20-24°C)
Cool (15-20°C)
Cold (10-15°C)
Very Cold (below 10°C)

❓Frequently Asked Questions

According to 45 years of historical climate data from NASA POWER (1981-2025), Firozpur in Punjab is the hottest place in India, with average maximum temperatures reaching 48.4°C. This district experiences extreme heat conditions, particularly during the summer months.
Leh(Ladakh) in Ladakh holds the record as the coldest place in India, with average minimum temperatures dropping to -32.4°C. Located in the Himalayan region, this district experiences harsh winter conditions with temperatures often falling below freezing. The extreme cold is due to high altitude, proximity to glaciers, and Himalayan weather patterns.
Andaman & Nicobar receives the highest average rainfall among all Indian states, with an average of 6.5 mm/day (approximately 2369 mm annually). Within this state, Dakshina Kannada is the wettest district in India, receiving 9.7 mm/day of rainfall. These high precipitation levels are primarily due to the Southwest monsoon, orographic effects from mountain ranges, and proximity to the Bay of Bengal. The heavy rainfall supports lush green landscapes, diverse ecosystems, and water-intensive agriculture.
Jaisalmer in Rajasthan is the driest place in India, receiving minimal rainfall of just 0.6 mm/day (approximately 219 mm annually). This arid region experiences desert-like conditions with scarce precipitation throughout the year. The low rainfall is attributed to its location in the rain shadow region, distance from moisture-bearing winds, and geographical features that block monsoon clouds. Water scarcity is a significant challenge, requiring careful resource management and specialized agricultural practices adapted to dry conditions.
This comprehensive weather dataset covers all 36 states and 583 districts across India. Each district's climate data has been independently collected from NASA POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources) and includes 45 years of historical records from 1981 to 2025. The state with the most districts is Uttar Pradesh with 70 districts. This extensive coverage ensures accurate representation of India's diverse climate patterns, from coastal regions to mountain ranges, from tropical zones to arid deserts.
India experiences a remarkable temperature range due to its vast geographical diversity. Temperatures vary from as low as -32.4°C in Leh(Ladakh), Ladakh (high Himalayan region) to as high as 48.4°C in Firozpur, Punjab. This represents a temperature variation of over 81°C across the country. This diversity creates multiple climate zones including tropical, subtropical, temperate, and alpine, each supporting unique ecosystems, agricultural patterns, and lifestyles.
Based on the temperature range data, states with significant altitude variations tend to have the most extreme climate differences. Uttar Pradesh, with its 70 districts, shows considerable climate diversity with temperatures ranging from 2.4°C to 47.8°C. States located in or near the Himalayan region typically experience the greatest temperature variations between their lowest valleys and highest peaks, creating multiple climate zones within a single state. These variations significantly impact agriculture, tourism, and daily life across different regions of the state.
All weather and climate data for India is sourced from NASA POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources), a comprehensive project that provides solar and meteorological datasets from NASA research. The data is based on the MERRA-2 Reanalysis with a spatial resolution of 0.5° x 0.625° and covers the period from 1981 to 2025. NASA POWER integrates satellite observations, ground measurements, and climate models to ensure high-quality, scientifically validated information. This dataset is widely used by researchers, agricultural planners, renewable energy developers, policy makers, and climate scientists worldwide for its reliability, accuracy, and comprehensive coverage. Each of the 583 districts has been independently processed to provide accurate local climate statistics.
This comprehensive 45-year historical climate dataset serves multiple important purposes across various sectors in India. For agriculture, farmers can use temperature and rainfall patterns to select appropriate crops, plan planting schedules, and optimize irrigation strategies. For example, knowing that Dakshina Kannada receives 9.7 mm/day helps farmers choose water-intensive crops, while Jaisalmer's minimal 0.6 mm/day requires drought-resistant varieties. For tourism and travel, understanding that Firozpur reaches 48.4°C or Leh(Ladakh) drops to -32.4°C helps visitors plan trips during comfortable weather periods. For policy makers and urban planners, this data informs infrastructure development, water resource management, disaster preparedness, and climate adaptation strategies. Researchers use this data to study long-term climate trends, identify patterns of climate change, and develop predictive models for future scenarios.
The ideal time to visit varies significantly across India's diverse climate zones. For hot regions like Firozpur in Punjab, visit during winter months (November-February) when temperatures are more moderate. For cold mountainous areas like Leh(Ladakh) in Ladakh, summer months (May-September) offer pleasant weather and accessible roads, though some visitors prefer winter for snow activities. For regions with heavy rainfall like Dakshina Kannada in Andaman & Nicobar, avoid monsoon season (June-September) unless you specifically want to experience the lush green landscapes and don't mind rain. For arid regions like Jaisalmer, winter provides comfortable temperatures for exploration. Generally, October to March is considered the best time for most of India, with pleasant temperatures and minimal rainfall. However, each region has unique charm in different seasons - monsoons transform landscapes, summers bring vibrant festivals, and winters offer clear skies and comfortable exploration conditions.

📚 Data Source & Methodology

All climate data for India is sourced from NASA POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources), which provides high-quality meteorological data derived from satellite observations and climate models. This comprehensive dataset covers 36 states and 583 districts across India, with each district's data collected independently and aggregated to provide state and national-level climate statistics. The NASA POWER dataset is widely used by researchers, agricultural planners, renewable energy developers, and climate scientists worldwide for its reliability, scientific rigor, and comprehensive coverage.

Geographic Coverage:
  • 36 States
  • 583 Districts
  • Complete pan-India coverage
  • District-level granularity
Data Specifications:
  • Temporal Resolution: Monthly
  • Spatial Resolution: 0.5° x 0.625°
  • Source: MERRA-2 Reanalysis
  • Coverage: 1981-2025 (45 years)

Historical weather data for India • Data: NASA POWER • 1981-2025 • 36 States, 583 Districts